Underwater Welding: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Applications, Challenges, and Safety Practices

Abstract

Underwater welding plays a special role in the repair and maintenance of modern oil platforms, pipelines, ships, and floating objects. This paper provides a classification of underwater welding and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various underwater welding techniques. Additionally, the paper covers the techniques that can be used underwater, the history of underwater welding, the equipment used, application areas, working principles, challenges, and problems related to underwater welding. As in any field, safety is very important in underwater welding, and information is provided about the safety measures that should be taken during underwater welding.